?Read the text below about idleness．
?For each question(31-40)，write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet．
Enjoy Idleness
In his 1935 essay，' In Praise of Idleness，' British philosopher Bertrand Russell wrote，' I think there is far (31) much work done in the world and immense harm is caused by the belief that work is virtuous．' Russell advocated shortening the work day to four hours．And people all over the world ignored his advice．Although the sweatshops and fourteen-hour work days are gone in most industrialized countries today， studies reveal that people in most of these countries believe they are working (32) and harder than ever．
In the United States，the hours available for leisure each week dropped from 24.3 in 1975 to 19.2 in 1995．An associate partner in a U．S．architectural firm reported (33) working 70 to 80 hours a week is the norm in her field．In a recent survey of 150 Canadian executives，75 percent stated they were working so hard that their personal relationships were suffering．Compaq Canada's director of channel sales and development says he arrives at his office by 6:30am，leaves (34) ．7:30pm．and always works at home in the evenings．According to an International Research Association study，72 percent of Brazilians consider work more important than leisure，as (35) ．67 percent of Philippine workers and 66 percent of workers in Venezuela．
Many people blame technology (36) our longer working hours．Instead of giving us more leisure time as predicted，it seems to tie us more securely to our offices．In the davs before fax，email，and videoconferencing，the office closed．Today we take the office (37) us．A British manager，for example，can stay at work until midnight for a conference with the California branch．Corporate downsizing is another contributor， because remaining workers have to do the iobs of those who have been laid off．Basically， however，people just seem to feel they need to work harder．According to Carole Pemberton，a research consultant with a British management organization；people worked hard in the 1960s to get ahead；now they feel they must work (38) just to stay where they are．
In the short run。workers may be rewarded for 10ng hours，but experts point out that ultimately people suffer (39) exhaustion，stress，and depression．To improve the quality of their lives，many U．S．workers are changing jobs and taking salary cuts．Internationally，organizations are helping workers to slow down．When conducting performance reviews，the Bank of Montreal no longer rewards managers for working interminable hours．In Japan，Sony encourages (40) to take every day of holiday entitlement．In Great Britain，a group launched the' Long Hours On Time!Get a Life．' It remains to be seen if workers around，the world will take this advice．
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