问答题 【问题1】（8分）项目立项前要对项目风险，以及项目的市场前景和相关的社会经济效益进行反复论证，一般来说，项目立项前大致包括哪几个过程，分别起到什么作用？

单项选择题 In project management, a （ ）is a list of a project’s milestones, activities, and deliverables, usually with intended start and finish date. Those items are often estimated in terms of resource allocation, budget and duration, linked by dependencies and scheduled events.

单项选择题 （ ）can be considered as part of risk mitigation.